Windows Backups

Backup checklist before a Windows clean install

The boring backup checklist that stops a clean install turning into a permanent data-loss story.

10 min read Beginner Updated 9 Jun 2026

Step-by-step guide

Work through each section in order. Stop when your issue is resolved — you do not need every step for every situation.

What you will achieve

A verified backup set so a Windows clean install cannot destroy data you still need.

1) Files and folders

  • Documents, Desktop, Pictures, Videos, Downloads.
  • Project folders outside default libraries (dev repos, design assets).
  • Browser bookmarks — export from Chrome, Edge, or Firefox.
  • Email — if using a local client (Outlook PST, Thunderbird profiles), export or confirm server-side IMAP.

2) Application data easy to miss

  • Password manager vault export (encrypted).
  • SSH keys, VPN profiles, code signing certificates.
  • Game save locations (Steam Cloud is not universal).
  • Licensed software installers and licence keys.

3) Choose backup methods

  • External drive — full copy with File History or robocopy.
  • Cloud sync — OneDrive/Google Drive for active files; not a substitute for full system backup.
  • System image — optional rollback snapshot before wipe (Windows backup tools vary by edition).

4) Prove restore works

  1. Pick one important file and one irreplaceable folder.
  2. Restore them to a different location or device.
  3. Open files to confirm they are not corrupted.

A backup you have never restored is a hope, not a backup.

5) Document the machine

  • Photograph or export Wi‑Fi passwords you cannot recover elsewhere.
  • Note BitLocker recovery keys if encryption is enabled.
  • Export printer queues or driver packages for unusual hardware.
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